Daoism refers to a variety of related Philosophical and Religious traditions that have influenced Eastern Asia for more than two millennia, and have had a notable influence on the western world since the 19th century. The word 道, Dao (or Dao, depending on the Romanization scheme), literally translated as "path" or "way"(of life), although in Chinese folk religion and philosophy it carries more abstract meanings. Daoist propriety and ethics emphasize the Three Jewels of the Tao: compassion, moderation, and humility, while Daoist thought generally focuses on nature, the relationship between humanity and the cosmos (天人相应), health and longevity, and wu wei(action through inaction), which is thought to produce harmony with the universe. Reverence for ancestor spirits and immortals is also common in popular Taoism. Organized Taoism distinguishes its ritual activity from that of the folk religion, which some professional Taoists Daoshi) view as debased. Chinese alchemy (including Neidan), astrology, cuisine, several Chinese martial arts, Chinese traditional medicine, feng shui, immortatlity, and many styles of qigong breath training disciplines have been intertwined with Taoism throughout history.